|
Father Georgiy Apollonovich Gapon ((ロシア語:Гео́ргий Аполло́нович Гапо́н); — ) was a Russian Orthodox priest and a popular working class leader before the Russian Revolution of 1905. ==Early life== Georgiy Apollonovich Gapon was born February 17, 1870 (o.s.) in the village of Beliki, Poltava Oblast, Ukraine, then part of the Russian Empire. He was the oldest son of a Cossack father and mother who hailed from the local peasantry.〔Walter Sablinsky, ''The Road to Bloody Sunday: Father Gapon and the St. Petersburg Massacre of 1905.'' Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976; pg. 34.〕 Gapon's father, Apollon Fedorovich Gapon, had some formal education and served as an elected village elder and clerk in Beliki.〔Sablinsky, ''The Road to Bloody Sunday,'' pg. 35.〕 His mother was illiterate but religiously devout and actively raised her son in the norms and traditions of the Russian Orthodox Church.〔 Georgy was an excellent primary school student and was offered a place at the Lower Ecclesiastical School in Poltava, a seminary that offered Gapon the best prospect for advancing his formal education.〔Sablinsky, ''The Road to Bloody Sunday,'' pg. 36.〕 It was in his final year at this school that Gapon was first exposed to the radical philosophical teachings of Lev Tolstoy through one of his instructors, who was a devoted follower of the famous Russian writer.〔 Gapon was regarded by this instructor, I.M. Tregubov, as one of the top students at the school, serious and intelligent in demeanor and diligent and curious in his studies.〔 Following his graduation from the Lower Ecclesiastical School, Gapon was admitted to Poltava Seminary, where he continued to be guided in his study of Tolstoy's ideas by other local followers.〔Sablinsky, ''The Road to Bloody Sunday,'' pg. 37.〕 Gapon was influenced by the Tolstoyan emphasis on working with the poor and with its philosophical criticism with the formalistic and hierarchical practices of the official church.〔 This brought him into conflict with certain seminary officials, who threatened to rescind his educational stipend.〔 Gapon met this threat by himself rejecting further aid and seeking to pay for his own education through work as a private tutor.〔Sablinsky, ''The Road to Bloody Sunday,'' pp. 37-38.〕 Gapon fell ill from typhus, which incapacitated him for a time, making it impossible to earn a living as a tutor and continue his studies effectively.〔Sablinsky, ''The Road to Bloody Sunday,'' pg. 38.〕 He decided to abandon plans for career as a priest, seeking instead to attend Tomsk University to become a physician, so as to be of greater service to the ailing poor.〔 His plans were short-circuited, however, when the seminary issued him a less-than-perfect grade for behavior, thereby effectively barring his path to further university education.〔 At the age of 23 Gapon took a job in Poltava as a zemstvo statistician, supplementing his income with money earned working as a private tutor.〔Sablinsky, ''The Road to Bloody Sunday,'' pg. 39.〕 It was in this capacity that he met the daughter of a local merchant in a house in which he was giving private lessons.〔 The family objected to a proposed marriage due to Gapon's limited employment horizons, however, and as a means of overcoming this obstacle he again sought to become a priest.〔Sablinsky, ''The Road to Bloody Sunday,'' pp. 39-40.〕 He made an appeal to Bishop Ilarion of Poltava, apologizing for past behavior and promising to fulfill expectations of the church in the future.〔Sablinsky, ''The Road to Bloody Sunday,'' pg. 40.〕 The bishop was moved by the appeal and interceded with the family, winning the couple permission to marry.〔 Gapon was placed on the fast track to priesthood, occupying a place as a church psalm reader for a year, followed by a pro forma promotion to deacon for just one day before being made priest of the Poltava cemetery church.〔 Gapon's services were innovative and informal and his church rapidly grew in size, negatively affecting other more formalistic local churches, whose priests lodge complaints against him.〔 Nevertheless, Gapon continued to enjoy the support of the bishop in his position and was largely satisfied with his station in life.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Georgy Gapon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|